F1 Simulator Monaco Circuit

A 2D top-down F1 simulator built in Python with Pygame. It features a custom physics engine using a bicycle steering model with speed-dependent progressive understeer and frame-rate independent exponential yaw blending. Longitudinal dynamics simulate a dynamic RPM model, non-linear torque curve, multi-gear transmission, aero drag, and rolling resistance. The Monaco track is generated via Catmull-Rom splines and pre-rendered for fast blitting. Off-track collision detection is optimized to O(1) time complexity using a pre-computed 1-bit pixel mask, eliminating O(n) ray-casting.